Novel ionic surface imprinting technology: design and application for selectively recognizing heavy metal ions.

Traditional bulk polymerization imprinted technology and existing surface imprinted technology have some congenital defects. Therefore, it is necessary to design more efficient surface imprinted technology. In this paper, novel surface imprinting technology with higher imprinting efficiency is well designed. It fully realizes the synchronization of polymer crosslinking and template imprinting. Then the surface imprinted polymers (SIPs) are synthesized using metal ions as a template. The physicochemical characteristics of the SIPs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis. The adsorption performances and recognition selectivity of the SIPs towards the template are investigated by a batch method. The experimental results show that the SIPs possess excellent adsorption ability and selectivity towards the template. The selectivity coefficients of the SIPs prepared in this study are higher than those of IIPs prepared by other imprinting methods. The adsorption process could be well described by the Lagergren-first-order model and Langmuir monolayer chemical adsorption. The SIPs have good chemical stability and reusability. Consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments show that the exhausted SIPs could be effectively regenerated, and the regenerated SIPs could be reused without a significant reduction in adsorption capacity or selectivity coefficient.

Effects of structures of bidentate Schiff base type bonded-ligands derived from benzaldehyde on the photoluminescence performance of polymer-rare earth complexes.

Two kinds of bidentate Schiff base ligands derived from benzaldehyde, benzaldehyde/m-aminophenol (BAMA) type and benzaldehyde/glutamic acid (BAGL) type ligands, were synchronously synthesized and bonded on the backbone of polysulfone (PSF) through molecular design and by polymer reactions, and two functional polymers, PSF-BAMA and PSF-BAGL, were obtained. Then two series of novel luminescent Schiff base-type polymer-rare earth complexes were prepared via coordination reactions. In this work, the effects of the structures of the bonded ligands on the photoluminescence performance of the complexes were investigated in detail, and for the different photophysical properties of the prepared complexes, relevant theoretical explanations were given. The experimental results show that the bonded ligand BAMA can strongly sensitize the fluorescence emission of Eu(iii) ions, and the binary complex PSF-(BAMA)3-Eu(iii) emits strong red fluorescence under UV light. The reason for this lies in the fact that a larger conjugate π-bond system is contained in the structure of BAMA, and so the triplet state of BAMA can be matched with the resonant energy level of the Eu(iii) ion. While the bonded ligand BAGL can effectively sensitize the fluorescence emission of Tb(iii) ions, the binary complex PSF-(BAGL)3-Tb(iii) exhibits very strong green fluorescence under UV light. The reason is that a smaller conjugate π-bond system is contained in the structure of BAGL and there is a good energy level matching between the triplet state of BAGL and the resonant energy level of the Tb(iii) ion. The fluorescence intensities of the two ternary complexes, PSF-(BAMA)3-Eu(iii)-(Phen)1 (phenanthroline, Phen) and PSF-(BAGL)3-Tb(iii)-(Phen)1, are much stronger than that of the corresponding binary complex because Phen as the second ligand has two effects, the effect of synergistic coordination with the first ligand and the effect of replacing the coordinated water around the central ion, and it has been confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.

Synthesis and luminescence properties of polymer-rare earth complexes containing salicylaldehyde-type bidentate Schiff base ligand.

Using molecular design and polymer reactions, two types of bidentate Schiff base ligands, salicylaldehyde-aniline (SAN) and salicylaldehyde-cyclohexylamine (SCA), were synchronously synthesized and bonded onto the side chain of polysulfone (PSF), giving two bidentate Schiff base ligand-functionalized PSFs, PSF-SAN and PSF-SCA, referred to as macromolecular ligands. Following coordination reactions between the macromolecular ligands and Eu(III) and Tb(III) ions (the reaction occurred between the bonded ligands SAN or SCA and the lanthanide ion), two series of luminescent polymer-rare earth complexes, PSF-SAN-Eu(III) and PSF-SCA-Tb(III), were obtained. The two macromolecular ligands were fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1 H NMR and UV absorption spectroscopy, and the prepared complexes were also characterized by FTIR, UV absorption spectroscopy and thermo-gravity analysis. On this basis, the photoluminescence properties of these complexes and the relationships between their structure and luminescence were investigated in depth. The results show that the bonded bidentate Schiff base ligands, SAN and SCA, can effectively sensitize the fluorescence emission of Eu(III) and Tb(III) ions, respectively. PSF-SAN-Eu(III) series complexes, namely the binary complex PSF-(SAN)3 -Eu(III) and the ternary complex PSF-(SAN)3 -Eu(III)-(Phen)1 (Phen is the small-molecule ligand 1,10-phenanthroline), produce strong red luminescence, suggesting that the triplet state energy level of SAN is lower and well matched with the resonant energy level of the Eu(III) ion. By contrast, PSF-SAN-Eu(III) series complexes, namely the binary complex PSF-(SCA)3 -Tb(III) and the ternary complex PSF-(SCA)3 -Tb(III)-(Phen)1 , display strong green luminescence, suggesting that the triplet state energy level of SCA is higher and is well matched with the resonant energy level of Tb(III).

Preparation of crosslinked poly (acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) microsphere and its adsorption and mechanism towards shikimic acid.

Shikimic acid (SA) is a key raw material for the synthesis of the antiviral drug, but its extraction and separation from plants is still limited. Crosslinked poly (acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, DAC) microspheres were synthesized via inverse-phase suspension polymerization. In the synthesizing, N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) was used as crosslinker, cyclohexane as dispersed medium and span-60 as dispersants, obtaining CPDAC gel microspheres. The effect of polymerization condition on balling performance and the characteristics of CPDAC were examined. The adsorption properties of CPDAC towards SA were mainly explored and the data of adsorption isotherm were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Sips and Toth models. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism was analyzed in depth, and the adsorption thermodynamics was also investigated. The results show that in order to prepare CPDAC, water phase must be added dropwise to oil phase, and the volume ratio of oil-water is more than 2:1. The mean diameter of CPDAC decreases with increasing span-60 and accelerating agitating rate. The strong electrostatic interaction is formed between quaternary ammonium nitrogen of CPDAC and COO- of SA. The adsorption kinetic data is fitted well with pseudo-first-order model. The adsorption ability is higher in aqueous water than ethanol, reaching 108mg/g, and Toth model is more suitable for describing the actual adsorption process. The adsorption of CPDAC towards SA is dependent on the pH value of the medium. The adsorption process is exothermic, the adsorption amount decreases with the increase of temperature, and the process is driven by enthalpy. The adsorption amount decreases with the increase of salinity. The reusability of CPDAC towards SA can keep 86.1% at the sixth cycle.

Designing and preparation of novel alkaloid-imprinted membrane with grafting type and its molecular recognition characteristic and permselectivity.

A novel polysulfone-based molecularly imprinted membrane (MIM) with graft type (designated as GMIM) was successfully prepared by a combination of film-forming method of immersion-precipitation phase transformation with molecule surface-imprinting technique. The porous asymmetry membrane of chloromethylated polysulfone (CMPSF) was first prepared by a phase inversion method, and then the CMPSF membrane was amination-modified with ethanediamine as reagent, resulting aminated polysulfone membrane AMPSF, on whose surface primary amino groups were contained. Then the graft-polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) was realized by initiating of the surface-initiating system of -NH2/S2O8(-), obtaining the grafted membrane PSF-g-PMAA. After PSF-g-PMAA membrane adsorbed matrine, the crosslinking reaction of the grafted PMAA was allowed to be carried out with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) as crosslinker, resulting in the matrine imprinted membrane with graft type, GMIM. The binding characteristics of the imprinted membrane GMIM, the permeability and separation property for matrine were investigated in depth. The experimental results show that the imprinted membrane consists of a thin imprinted layer, a thin skin layer containing channels at nanoscale and a support layer with macroporous structure. The imprinted membrane GMIM has specific recognition selectivity and excellent binding affinity for matrine, and its selectivity coefficient for matrine relative to cytisine is 4.85. More importantly, the imprinted membrane can produce good "gate effect" because of its own structure characteristic, so that it has fine permselectivity for the template, matrine molecule. The separation coefficient of the imprinted membrane GMIM for matrine relative to cytisine as a contrast reaches up to 5.9, displaying the excellent performance of a selectively permeable membrane.

Preparation of surface imprinted material of single enantiomer of mandelic acid with a new surface imprinting technique and study on its chiral recognition and resolution properties.

A surface imprinted material of the single enantiomer of mandelic acid with high performance was successfully prepared with a new surface imprinting technique of synchronously graft-polymerizing and molecule imprinting, and its enantiomeric recognition and resolution properties were investigated. Micro-sized silica gel particles were first modified with coupling agent γ-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPMS), obtaining the modified particles MPMS-SiO2 on which mercapto groups were introduced. A surface initiating system of -SH/BPO was constituted with the mercapto group (-SH) on MPMS-SiO2 particles and dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution. In DMF solution, (R)-mandelic acid molecule was used as the template and the functional monomer hydroxyethyl methylacrylate (HEMA) were combined together by right of multi-site hydrogen bonds. The free radicals produced on MPMS-SiO2 particles initiate HEMA molecules around (R)-mandelic acid molecules and the crosslinking agent N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) to produce graft/crosslinking-polymerization. At the same time, the template (R)-mandelic acid molecules were enveloped within the thin grafted polymer layer on the surfaces of SiO2 particles, obtaining (R)-mandelic acid surface imprinted material MIP-PHEMA/SiO2. The experimental results show that MIP-PHEMA/SiO2 particles have excellent enantiomeric recognition and resolution ability. The binding capacity of MIP-PHEMA/SiO2 particles for (R)-mandelic acid reaches up to 278 mg/g. As the resolution experiment of a racemic mixture was carried out with MIP-PHEMA/SiO2 particles as solid adsorbent, relative another enantiomer, (S)-mandelic acid, the selectivity coefficient of the imprinted particles for (R)-mandelic acid is 5.02. As a consequence, the two enantiomers were well separated, and the optical purities (ee values) of the supernatant and eluant get up to 44% (corresponding to (S)-mandelic acid excess) and 85% (corresponding to (R)-mandelic acid excess), respectively.

Design and preparation of matrine surface-imprinted material and studies on its molecule recognition selectivity.

A matrine molecule surface-imprinted material was designed and prepared using an effective surface-imprinting technique developed by our group, and its molecular recognition performance and mechanism were investigated in depth. Monomer glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was first graft-polymerized on the surfaces of micron-sized silica gel particles in surface-initiated graft polymerization manner, obtaining the grafted particles PGMA/SiO(2) with high grafting degree. Subsequently, the ring-opening reaction of the epoxy groups of the grafted macromolecules PGMA with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) was carried out, resulting in the functional grafted particle SA-PGMA/SiO(2), on whose surfaces salicylic acid as functional group was chemically bonded. By right of the mutual strong secondary bond forces, electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding, SA-PGMA/SiO(2) particles produced strong adsorption for matrine. Finally, with this strong adsorption, matrine molecule surface imprinting was carried out on the surfaces of SA-PGMA/SiO(2) particles with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as cross-linking agent, resulting in the matrine molecule surface-imprinted material MIP-SAP/SiO(2). The binding characteristic of MIP-SAP/SiO(2) toward matrine was investigated in depth with both batch and column methods and using oxymatrine and cytisine as two contrast alkaloids. The experimental results show that MIP-SAP/SiO(2) has special recognition selectivity and excellent binding affinity for matrine. Relative to oxymatrine and cytisine, the selectivity coefficients of MIP-SAP/SiO(2) for matrine are 5.66 and 11.17, respectively.

Preparation and Ion Recognition Characteristics of a Trichloroacetic Acid Surface-Imprinted Material.

In this work, a trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) surface-imprinted material with high performance was prepared. In an aqueous solution, the molecules of the cationic monomer acryloyloxyethyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) arranged around the template TCAA anion via electrostatic interaction. By initiating of the surface-initiating system of -NH2/S2O8(2-), the graft/cross-linking polymerization of DAC and the crosslinker N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide and the TCAA surface-imprinting were simultaneously carried out on SiO2 particles, forming TCAA anion surface-imprinted material IIP-PDAC/ SiO2. With monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) and phenylacetic acid (PAA) as two contrast acids, the recognition character of the imprinted material IIP-PDAC/SiO2 was investigated. This imprinted material possesses special recognition selectivity and excellent binding affinity for TCAA anion. The binding amount of IIP-PDAC/SiO2 particles for TCAA reaches 0.93 mmol/g, whereas their binding amounts for MCAA and PAA are only 0.48 mmol/g and 0.15 mmol/g, respectively. The selectivity coefficients of IIP-PDAC/SiO2 for TCAA relative to MCAA and PAA anions are 3.61 and 9.12, respectively.

Effect of electron-donating substituent groups on aromatic ring on photoluminescence properties of complexes of benzoic acid-functionalized polysulfone with Eu(III) ions.

By molecular design and via polymer reactions, methoxybenzoic acid (MOBA) and hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) were bonded onto the side chains of polysulfone (PSF) for preparing two benzoic acid-functionalized PSFs, PSF-MOBA and PSF-HBA, respectively. Based on full characterization of their structures, the two macromolecule ligands were made to coordinate to Eu(3+) ions, and two binary polymer-rare earth complexes, PSF-(MOBA)3-Eu(III) and PSF-(HBA)3-Eu(III), were obtained. At the same time, using phenanthroline (Phen) as a second small-molecule ligand, the corresponding two ternary complexes, PSF-(MOBA)3-Eu(III)-Phen1 and PSF-(HBA)3-Eu(III)-Phen1, were also prepared. The photo physical behaviors of these complexes were examined in depth, and the luminescent properties of these prepared polymer-rare earth complexes were mainly investigated. The experimental results show that the two electron-donating substituent groups on the aromatic ring of the bonded benzoic acid significantly affect the luminescence properties of these complexes of benzoic acid-functionalized PSF and Eu(III) ions, and they can effectively strengthen the fluorescence emission intensities of the complexes. The possible reason is that through the p-π conjugative effect, the two electron-donating substituent groups can remarkably decline the triplet state energy levels of the bonded ligand MOBA and HBA, and strengthen the matching degree of energy between the triplet state energy level of the ligand and the resonant energy level of Eu(III) ions, resulting in the enhancement of fluorescence emission intensities of the complexes. Besides, the fluorescence emissions of the binary complexes are stronger than those of the corresponding ternary complexes because of the synergistic coordination effect of Phen with the macromolecular ligand.

Structure and luminescent property of complexes of aryl carboxylic acid-functionalized polystyrene with Eu(III) and Tb(III) ions.

Via polymer reactions, naphthoic acid (NA) and benzoic acid (BA) were bonded onto the side chains of polystyrene (PS), respectively, and two aryl carboxylic acid-functionalized polystyrenes, PSNA and PSBA, were obtained. Using PSNA and PSBA as macromolecule ligands and Eu(3+) and Tb(3+) ions as central ions, various luminescent binary polymer-rare earth complexes were prepared. At the same time, with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) and 4,4'-bipyridine (Bipy) as small-molecule co-ligands, various ternary polymer-rare earth complexes were also prepared. On the basis of characterizing PSNA, PSBA and complexes, the relationship between structure and luminescent property for these prepared complexes were mainly investigated. The study results show that the macromolecule ligands PSNA and PSBA, or the bonded NA and BA ligands, can strongly sensitize the fluorescence emissions of Eu(3+) ion or Tb(3+) ion, but the sensitization effect is strongly dependent on the structure of the ligands and the property of the central ions, namely it is strongly dependent on the matching degree of energy levels. The fluorescence emission of the binary complex PS-(NA)3-Eu(III) is stronger than that PS-(BA)3-Eu(III), indicating ligand NA has stronger sensitization action for Eu(3+) ion than ligand BA; the binary complex PS-(BA)3-Tb(III) emit strong characteristic fluorescence of Tb(3+) ion, displaying that ligand BA can strongly sensitize Tb(3+) ion, whereas the binary complex PS-(NA)3-Tb(III) nearly does not emit the characteristic fluorescence of Tb(3+) ion, showing that ligand NA does not sensitize Tb(3+) ion. The fluorescence intensity of the ternary complexes is much stronger than that of the binary complexes in the same series.

Adsorption and recognition characteristics of surface molecularly imprinted polymethacrylic acid/silica toward genistein.

In this paper, on the basis of surface-initiated graft polymerization, a new surface molecular imprinting technique is established by molecular design. And molecularly imprinted polymer MIP-PMAA/SiO2 is successfully prepared with genistein as template. The adsorption and recognition characteristics of MIP-PMAA/SiO2 for genistein are studied in depth by using static method, dynamic method and competitive adsorption experiment. The experimental results show that MIP-PMAA/SiO2 possesses very strong adsorption affinity and specific recognition for genistein. The saturated adsorption capacity could reach to 0.36mmolg(-1). The selectivity coefficients relative to quercetin and rutin are 5.4 and 11.8, respectively. Besides, MIP-PMAA/SiO2 is regenerated easily and exhibits excellent reusability.

Preparation of grafted microspheres CPVA-g-PSSS and studies on their drug-carrying and colon-specific drug delivery properties.

Sodium 4-styrene sulfonate (SSS) was graft-polymerized on the surfaces of crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (CPVA) microspheres in a manner of surface-initiated graft-polymerization by using cerium salt-hydroxyl group redox initiation system, obtaining the grafted microspheres CPVA-g-PSSS. The chemical structure and physicochemical characters of CPVA-g-PSSS microspheres were fully characterized with infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and zeta potential determination. The aim of this work is to constitute a novel colon-specific drug delivery system via molecular design by using CPVA-g-PSSS microspheres as the drug-carrying material and by taking metronidazole (MTZ) as the model drug. The drug-carrying ability and mechanism of the grafted microspheres CPVA-g-PSSS for MTZ were investigated. Finally, in-vitro release tests for the drug-carrying microspheres were conducted. The experimental results show that in an acidic medium, the grafted microspheres CPVA-g-PSSS exhibit strong adsorption ability for MTZ by driving of electrostatic interaction, and have an adsorption capacity of 112 mg/g, displaying the high efficiency of drug-carrying. The in-vitro release behavior of the drug-carried microspheres is highly pH-sensitive. In the medium of pH=1, the drug-carrying microspheres do not release the drug, whereas in the medium of pH=7.4, a sudden delivery phenomenon of the drug will occur, displaying an excellent colon-specific drug delivery behavior.

Adsorption properties of polyvinyl-alcohol-grafted particles toward genistein driven by hydrogen-bond interaction.

The adsorption properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-grafted silica gel particles PVA/SiO2 toward genistein are researched in this paper. The effects of the main factors on the adsorption properties are investigated, the adsorption mechanism is explored in depth, and the adsorption thermodynamics is researched. The experimental results show that the conventional hydrogen bond is formed between the hydroxyl groups with high density on the surfaces of PVA/SiO2 and the phenolic hydroxyl groups in genistein, while π-type hydrogen bond is formed between the hydroxyl groups of PVA/SiO2 and the conjugated aromatic rings. It is the two types of hydrogen bond that make the functional composite particles PVA/SiO2 produce very strong physical adsorption toward genistein. The competitive adsorption of the solvent can have severe negative impact on the adsorption capacity of genistein. Increasing temperature will weaken the hydrogen-bond interaction between PVA/SiO2 particles and genistein. The existence of electrolytes in the protic solvent will affect the adsorption negatively. The adsorption process of PVA/SiO2 particles toward genistein is exothermic and driven by enthalpy. The adsorption isotherm data matches the Langmuir model.

Constructing chiral caves and efficiently separating enantiomers of glutamic acid with novel surface-imprinting technique.

Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was first graft-polymerized onto the surfaces of micron-sized silica gel particles in the manner of "grafting from" in a solution polymerization system, obtaining the grafted particles PDMAEMA/SiO(2). Then, the molecular imprinting towards the grafted PDMAEMA was conducted with one enantiomer of glutamic acid (Glu), L-Glu, as template molecule and with 2,2'-dichlorodiethylether (DCEE) as crosslinking agent by adopting the novel surface-molecular imprinting technique established by our research group, and the single enantiomer (L-Glu) molecule-imprinted material MIP-PDMAEMA/SiO(2) was obtained. With another enantiomer of glutamic acid, D-Glu, as the contrast compound, the recognition property of MIP-PDMAEMA/SiO(2) for L-Glu was investigated in depth with both static and dynamic methods, and its ability to separate L-Glu and D-Glu in the racemic solution was examined. The experiment results show that the surface-imprinted material MIP-PDMAEMA/SiO(2) has fine recognition selectivity and binding affinity for l-Glu, whereas its ability to combine D-Glu is poor. The selectivity coefficient of MIP-PDMAEMA/SiO(2) for L-Glu with respect to D-Glu is equal to 3.30, displaying an excellent chiral separation result. It is obvious that in this study, the substance separation at the molecular configuration level has been realized successfully.

Efficient removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using salicylic acid type chelate adsorbent.

In this study, 5-aminosalicylic acid was successfully grafted onto the poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) macromolecular chains of PGMA/SiO(2) to obtain a novel adsorbent designated as ASA-PGMA/SiO(2). The adsorption properties of ASA-PGMA/SiO(2) for heavy metal ions were studied through batch and column methods. The experimental results showed that ASA-PGMA/SiO(2) possesses strong chelating adsorption ability for heavy metal ions, and its adsorption capacity for Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Zn(2+), and Pb(2+) reaches 0.42, 0.40, 0.35, and 0.31 mmol g(-1), respectively. In addition, pH has a great influence on the adsorption capacity in the studied pH range. The adsorption isotherm data greatly obey the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The desorption of metal ions from ASA-PGMA/SiO(2) is effective using 0.1 mol l(-1) of hydrochloric acid solution as eluent. Consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments showed that ASA-PGMA/SiO(2) could be reused almost without any loss in the adsorption capacity.

Preparation and recognition performance of creatinine-imprinted material prepared with novel surface-imprinting technique.

By adopting the novel surface molecular imprinting technique put forward by us not long ago, a creatinine molecule-imprinted material with high performance was prepared. The functional macromolecule polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) was first grafted on the surfaces of micron-sized silica gel particles in the manner of "grafting from" using 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) as intermedia, resulting in the grafted particles PMAA/SiO(2). Subsequently, the molecular imprinting was carried out towards the grafted macromolecule PMAA using creatinine as template and with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGGE) as crosslinker by right of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction between the grafted PMAA and creatinine molecules. Finally, the creatinine-imprinted material MIP-PMAA/SiO(2) was obtained. The binding character of MIP-PMAA/SiO(2) for creatinine was investigated in depth with both batch and column methods and using N-hydroxysuccinimide and creatine as two contrast substances, whose chemical structures are similar to creatinine to a certain degree. The experimental results show that the surface-imprinted material MIP-PMAA/SiO(2) has excellent binding affinity and high recognition selectivity for creatinine. Before imprinting, PMAA/SiO(2) particles nearly has not recognition selectivity for creatinine, and the selectivity coefficients of PMAA/SiO(2) for creatinine relative to N-hydroxysuccinimide and creatine are only 1.23 and 1.30, respectively. However, after imprinting, the selectivity coefficients of MIP-PMAA/SiO(2) for creatinine in respect to N-hydroxysuccinimide and creatine are remarkably enhanced to 11.64 and 12.87, respectively, displaying the excellent recognition selectivity and binding affinity towards creatinine molecules.

Immobilization of povidone-iodine on surfaces of silica gel particles and bactericidal property.

A novel antibacterial material I(2)-PVP/SiO(2), on which povidone-iodine (PVP-I(2)) was loaded, was synthesized by a two-step route. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was firstly graft-polymerized onto the surfaces of micro-sized silica gel particles, obtaining the grafted particles PVP/SiO(2). Subsequently, the grafted particles PVP/SiO(2) were allowed to undergo a complexation reaction with iodine, resulting in a water-insoluble antibacterial material, I(2)-PVP/SiO(2). The effects of various factors on the complexation reaction were examined. The antibacterial property of I(2)-PVP/SiO(2) was investigated by using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as model bacterium and with the colony count method. The experimental results show that the fitting temperature for the complexation reaction between PVP/SiO(2) and I(2) is 60 degrees C, and the complexation reaction reaches equilibrium after 12 h. The particles I(2)-PVP/SiO(2) have very strong antibacterial activity and they have the sterilizing mechanism similar to povidone-iodine.

Preparation of surface molecularly imprinted polymeric microspheres and their recognition property for basic protein lysozyme.

The surface imprinting of basic protein lysozyme (Lys) was carried out by designing a new route. The copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was first conducted in an inverse suspension polymerization system, and the crosslinked copolymeric microspheres HEMA/NVP were prepared. Subsequently, the esterification reaction of methacryloyl (MAO) chloride with the hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of HEMA/NVP microspheres was performed, and the modified microspheres MAO-HEMA/NVP, on which a mass of polymerisable double bonds were introduced, were obtained. In the presence of lysozyme, by initiating of K(2)S(2)O(8)-NaHSO(3), the monomer methacrylic acid (MAA) in the solution was crosslink-polymerized on the surfaces of MAO-HEMA/NVP microspheres, resulting in the surface imprinting of lysozyme. After removing the template molecules, the lysozyme molecule-surface-imprinted material MIP-HEMA/NVP was obtained. Because there were strong interactions between lysozyme and monomer MAA, electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding, the lysozyme molecule-surface imprinting was successfully realized. The MIP-HEMA/NVP microspheres have very high binding affinity for lysozyme, and the binding capacity gets up to 216 mg/g. It is more important that MIP-HEMA/NVP microspheres have specific recognition selectivity for lysozyme, and the selectivity coefficient for lysozyme with respect to bovine hemoglobin (BHb), which was used as a contrast protein in the experiments, actually reaches 31.07. In the respect of protein imprinting, the imprinting material with such high performance is unwonted.

Preparation and recognition performance of cytisine alkaloid-imprinted material prepared using novel surface molecular imprinting technique.

Methacrylic acid was first graft-polymerized on the surfaces of micron-sized silica gel particles in the manner of "grafting from" using 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane as an intermedia, obtaining the grafted particle polymethacrylic acid PMAA/SiO(2). By adopting the novel surface-molecular imprinting technique put forward by us, cytisine molecule-imprinted material MIP-PMAA/SiO(2) was prepared with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as crosslinking agent. The binding characteristics of MIP-PMAA/SiO(2) towards cytisine was investigated in depth with both batch and column methods and using matrine and oxymatrine as two contrast alkaloids, which with cytisine coexist in sophora alopecuroides and their chemical structure is similar to cytisine to a certain extent. The experimental results show that the surface-imprinted material MIP-PMAA/SiO(2) has excellent binding affinity for cytisine (20.1 g/100 g of binding capacity), and it is more important that MIP-PMAA/SiO(2) has very high recognition selectivity for cytisine in relation to the two contrast alkaloids. The selectivity coefficients of the grafted particles PMAA/SiO(2) (non-imprinted material) for cytosine in relation to matrine and oxymatrine are only 1.03 and 1.06, respectively, displaying no recognition selectivity for cytisine. However, after imprinting, the selectivity coefficient of MIP-PMAA/SiO(2) for cytisine in respect to matrine and oxymatrine are remarkably enhanced to 12.08 and 15.05, respectively.

Preparation and recognition performance of uric acid-imprinted material prepared with novel surface imprinting technique.

Acrylonitrile (AN) was first graft-polymerized on the surfaces of crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (CPVA) microspheres by initiating of cerium salt, and then the grafted polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was transformed to polyamidoxime (PAO) via amidoximation transform reaction, resulting in the functional microspheres PAO/CPVA. By adopting the novel surface-molecular imprinting technique put forward by us, uric acid molecule-imprinted material MIP-PAO/CPVA was prepared with glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent The binding character of MIP-PAO/CPVA towards uric acid was investigated in depth with both batch and column methods and using guanine as a contrast substance whose chemical structure is similar to uric acid to a certain extent. The experimental results show that the surface imprinted material MIP-PAO/CPVA has excellent binding affinity (a great binding capacity of 104 mg/g) and high recognition selectivity for the template molecule, uric acid. The selectivity coefficient of PAO/CPVA microspheres (non-imprinted material) for uric acid relative to guanine is only 1.273, displaying no recognition selectivity for uric acid. However, after imprinting, the selectivity coefficient of MIP-PAO/CPVA for uric acid in respect to guanine is remarkably enhanced to 14.00, displaying the excellent recognition selectivity and binding affinity towards uric acid molecules.